Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activator

Skatole (3-methylindole) is a heterocyclic compound naturally found in the feces of vertebrates and can be found in certain plants. Skatole can be produced by intestinal bacteria, inducing apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells through activating aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR) and p38. Skatole has been used in specific products of the perfume industry or as a flavor additive in ice cream.

Mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) is a biomarker for human exposure to DEHP (HY-B1945). By activating the tryptophan-kynurenine-aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway, mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate significantly increases the viability of primary uterine leiomyoma cells and reduces cell apoptosis. Mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate correlates with decreased sperm DNA damage. Mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate can be used in studies related to uterine leiomyoma.

Benzyl butyl phthalate, a member of phthalic acid esters (PAEs), can trigger the migration and invasion of hemangioma (HA) cells via upregulation of Zeb1. Benzyl butyl phthalate activates aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in breast cancer cells to stimulate SPHK1/S1P/S1PR3 signaling and enhances formation of metastasis-initiating breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs).

Prochloraz is an imidazole antifungal. Prochloraz is as an estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) antagonist and an aromatase inhibitor with IC₅₀ values of 25 μM, 4 μM and 0.3 μM, respectively. Prochloraz is able to activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) having an EC₅₀ of 1 μM.

DL-Tryptophan ((±)-Tryptophan) is an orally effective aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist. DL-Tryptophan reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, as well as liver injury markers aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and alleviates hepatocyte apoptosis (apoptosis) in sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture. DL-Tryptophan can be used in the research of sepsis-related acute liver injury.

1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid is an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist. 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid is also a bacterially derived metabolite and has anti-inflammatory activity.

ANI-7 is an activator of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. ANI-7 inhibits the growth of multiple cancer cells, and potently and selectively inhibits the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells with a GI₅₀ of 0.56 μM. ANI-7 induces CYP1-metabolizing mono-oxygenases by activating AhR pathway, and also induces DNA damage, checkpoint Kinase 2 (Chk2) activation, S-phase cell cycle arrest, and cell death in sensitive breast cancer cell lines.

Cyprodinil (CGA-219417) is a broad-spectrum anilinopyrimidine fungicide and an activator of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Cyprodinil also has anti-androgenic and androgenic activities. Cyprodinil can inhibit the biosynthesis of methionine in plant-pathogenic fungi and protect fruits and vegetables from a variety of pathogens.

Skatole-d₃ is the deuterium labeled Skatole. Skatole is produced by intestinal bacteria, regulates intestinal epithelial cellular functions through activating aryl hydrocarbon receptors and p38.

Altertoxin I (Dihydroalterperylenol; ATX-I) is a quinone mycotoxin with immunosuppressive, mutagenic and anticancer activities. Altertoxin I inhibits LPS (HY-D1056)-mediated NF-κB activation and estrogen-dependent alkaline phosphatase activity. Altertoxin I activates the AhR signaling pathway, induces the expression of CYP 1A1/1A2/1B1 and the enzymatic activity of EROD. Altertoxin I can be used in breast cancer research.

Skatole-d₈ is the deuterium labeled Skatole. Skatole is produced by intestinal bacteria, regulates intestinal epithelial cellular functions through activating aryl hydrocarbon receptors and p38.

DL-Tryptophan-d₃ is the deuterium labeled DL-Tryptophan. DL-Tryptophan ((±)-Tryptophan) is an orally effective aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist. DL-Tryptophan reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, as well as liver injury markers aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and alleviates hepatocyte apoptosis (apoptosis) in sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture. DL-Tryptophan can be used in the research of sepsis-related acute liver injury.

12(R)-HETE is a CYP-dependent arachidonic acid metabolite that acts as a proinflammatory lipid mediator. 12 (R)-HETE widely exists in various tissues including the eye, skin and liver. In the cornea, 12(R)-HETE is metabolized via pathways such as β-oxidation into the precursor of 12(R)-HETrE. Without direct receptor binding, 12(R)-HETE indirectly activates AHR-mediated target gene transcription, while inhibiting the enzymatic activity of Na+,K+-ATPase and the intracellular calcium elevation induced by TP agonists. 12(R)-HETE also possesses multiple physiological effects such as chemotaxis, proangiogenesis, vasodilation, natriuresis, diuresis and intraocular pressure reduction, and can be widely used in studies related to psoriasis, inflammatory skin diseases and ocular inflammation.

1,4-Chrysenequinone, a polycyclic aromatic quinone, acts as an activator of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR).

3-OH-Kynurenamine dihydroiodide is the dihydroiodide form of 3-OH-Kynurenamine (HY-156908). 3-OH-Kynurenamine dihydroiodide is an activator for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and thus regulates the immune response. 3-OH-Kynurenamine dihydroiodide upregulates the expressions of Ido1 and Tgfb1, ameliorates the skin inflammation in psoriasis mouse model and kidney damage in nephrotoxic lupus mouse model.

Skatole (Standard) is the analytical standard of Skatole. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Skatole (3-methylindole) is a heterocyclic compound naturally found in the feces of vertebrates and can be found in certain plants. Skatole can be produced by intestinal bacteria, inducing apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells through activating aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhR) and p38. Skatole has been used in specific products of the perfume industry or as a flavor additive in ice cream.

Mivotilate is a nontoxic, potent activator of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and acts as a hepatoprotective agent.

DL-Tryptophan-d₈ is the deuterium labeled DL-Tryptophan. DL-Tryptophan ((±)-Tryptophan) is an orally effective aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist. DL-Tryptophan reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, as well as liver injury markers aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, and alleviates hepatocyte apoptosis (apoptosis) in sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture. DL-Tryptophan can be used in the research of sepsis-related acute liver injury.

Cyprodinil (Standard) (CGA-219417 (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Cyprodinil (HY-116214). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Cyprodinil (CGA-219417) is a broad-spectrum anilinopyrimidine fungicide and an activator of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Cyprodinil also has anti-androgenic and androgenic activities. Cyprodinil can inhibit the biosynthesis of methionine in plant-pathogenic fungi and protect fruits and vegetables from a variety of pathogens.

GW 610 (NSC 721648), an antitumor agent, is a potent AhR ligand with a K_i of 6.8 nM. GW 610 induces CYP1A1 expression in MCF-7 cells. GW 610 shows potent and selective anticancer activity against lung, colon, and breast cancer cell lines.